Feeding For Condition During The Winter Months
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Feeding horses to keep them in the best possible condition can be difficult over the colder months if we have a picky horse or one with a poor appetite. Dependant on age, breed and workload, horses naturally tend to carry different proportions of fat and muscle and it’s important we ensure our horse’s diet provides the appropriate calories to maintain a healthy weight, whilst, alongside correct work, giving them the building blocks for muscle development.
Condition scoring is a useful tool for assessing whether your horse is under, over, or at the correct weight. A 1-9 scale is often used, with a score of 1 meaning the horse is very poor, and 9 being very overweight. When condition scoring, it’s important not just to look at your horse’s waistline, but also his neck and hind-quarters.
If your horse is dropping condition before his diet is considered, there are a few factors which every responsible horse owner should first check. The most obvious of these is ensuring your worming program is up to date, checking the horse isn’t in physical discomfort such as dental or back pain, and making sure he isn’t spending large portions of his time cold or wet. Having established none of these are an issue, many owners may simply choose to increase the amount of the horse’s current bucket feed, therefore increasing the volume of (potentially) cereal-based feed he receives. However, it is well documented that the digestive system of the horse is designed for an almost constant trickle of fibre, and although this is often forgotten, perhaps the first area of consideration should be what and how much is put into his net!
Most horses will be healthiest and happiest with ad lib access to a fibre source of some sort. During cold weather, access to fibre has a double advantage; not only does it keep the digestive system functioning correctly, but additionally, the digestion of fibre in the hind gut creates heat as a by-product, quite literally warming your horse up from the inside out! Equally, horses often have to spend increased periods of time stabled during the colder months and the presence of fibre can decrease the likelihood of stereotypical behaviour. This is often caused by stress and/or boredom which in itself can be a cause of weight loss.
With fibre playing such an essential role in the diet of horses that need help with condition, it makes sense to provide them with the best quality we possibly can. Firstly, forage that is soft, has an appealing smell, and is dust-free is more likely to tempt a fussy feeder to eat. Soft forage with fine stems often indicates that the grass has been cut whilst it is younger compared to a coarse-looking forage and will therefore provide your horse with more calories per mouthful.
Having considered what you are going to supply in your net, you should also assess what is going into your horse’s bucket. We know that ideally, the bulk of the diet should consist of fibre, of which there are a number of options such as high temperature dried grass or alfalfa which are widely available and can provide a valuable contribution to the energy (calorie) intake. These are especially useful for excitable horses, meaning you may want to avoid cereal-based feeds wherever possible.
Fibre-based ‘complete’ feeds are particularly valuable in these situations as these also contain a broad spectrum of vitamins and minerals, which, when fed at the correct levels, will supply all your horse’s requirements without the need for further supplementation. If you would rather have more flexibility in your feeding, choose a chaff with calorie levels provided through oil and with very low sugar and starch levels to minimise the chance of excitable behaviour. A product such as this allows you to feed as much or little as you feel happy with as there are no vitamins or minerals added.
Do remember to add a broad spectrum vitamin or mineral source such as a good quality balancer. Oil is the most calorific ingredient we can include in our horses’ diets, and as it doesn’t tend to cause excitable behaviour, is very useful for adding condition for poor doers.
For further information, please call the HorseHage & Mollichaff Helpline on 01803 527274 or visit www.horsehage.co.uk
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