Tendon Injuries: Could Horses be Given a Greater Chance of Recovery
Research recently undertaken by scientists at the Animal Health Trust (AHT) in Newmarket has found that the use of embryonic stem cells may give horses with tendon injuries a greater chance of a successful return to active work.
Tendon injuries are a common problem in horses and instead of regenerating healthy tendon tissue, they repair by forming scar tissue which pre-disposes the horse to a high risk of re-injury. Often damage is done before there’s the chance to act, by the horse becoming suddenly lame. Tendon injuries are a leading cause of retirement in horses taking part in a wide range of disciplines. In the early stages following a tendon injury there is a significant increase in inflammation and this is likely to contribute to the poor tissue regeneration.
In recent work funded by the Horserace Betting Levy Board, Racing Foundation, Alice Noakes Memorial Charitable Trust and Beryl Evetts and Robert Luff Animal Welfare Trust, our stem cell researchers have demonstrated that the inflammation produced following an injury has very negative consequences for adult tendon cells. Using a laboratory model they found that adult tendon cells cannot produce ‘artificial’ tendons efficiently when exposed to inflammation.
In contrast, they found that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that were directed to turn into tendon cells behaved as normal when exposed to inflammation. Dr. Debbie Guest, Head of Stem Cell Research from the AHT explained “we were able to demonstrate that these tendon cells express different levels of receptors for inflammatory proteins on their surface. This means that these stem cells may provide a useful source of cells for clinical transplantation into the injured tendon as they are unlikely to suffer any negative effects from being placed into an inflamed environment”.
Furthermore the team at the AHT believes this now opens up the possibility of further studies to understand more about how ESC-derived tendon cells protect themselves from inflammation to develop new drug treatments that could be used to protect adult tendon cells following an injury. Protecting tendon cells from inflammation could help to improve the regeneration of healthy tendon tissue to reduce the risk of re-injury and allow more horses to remain in active work.
Funding for a follow up study by the Animal Health Trust, in collaboration with the Royal Veterinary College, has been secured from the Horserace Betting Levy Board and the team are hopeful that new treatment options for this old problem may soon be developed.
Suzanne Ashton, Founder of Everything Horse (Est, 2012), has a BA Hons in Marketing Management and a Diploma in Equine Science. Suzanne has ridden and owned horses all her life and has twelve years of experience in marketing, writing, design, SEO, and website creation.