Hoof Abscess in Horses | Q&A

A hoof abscess is an infection caused by bacteria, and other debris penetrating the horse’s hoof. A pocket of pus forms, and as the abscess gets larger, it becomes acutely painful. The pain can come on rapidly, and the horse or pony will be significantly lame and unable to bear weight on the affected hoof. In some instances, an abscess can be caught early by monitoring any changes in the horse’s gait, keeping a check on the digital pulse and feeling for any warmth in the hoof.

The most common cause is a penetration injury to the hoof. This provides an entry point for bacteria to reach deep into the hoof structure and allow the infection to spread, such as a nail from a loose shoe. It can take up to two weeks for the bacteria to spread, resulting in an abscess, so identifying the initial cause can be difficult.

Infection tracking up the white line is another common cause of a hoof abscess. The white line is the border where the hoof wall meets the sole, and this can become damaged and softened, allowing dirt and bacteria into the inner hoof.

Weather conditions and poor stable management can also predispose a horse to a hoof abscess, as standing in wet conditions for too long can soften the hoof and is a prime breeding ground for bacteria to thrive. Equally, dry weather can result in the hoof becoming brittle, leading to cracks and the creation of additional entry points for bacteria.

Unfortunately, some horses seem to be more susceptible than others, for example those with weak feet or who have had a previous bout of laminitis.

A hot poultice is a very effective way to draw out the hoof abscess. Depending on the severity of the lameness, and heat in the foot, a farrier can be called to locate the abscess and create a drainage hole. A hot poultice can then be applied twice a day. The entire foot should be sterile before applying the poultice, and a bandage should be used to secure. See below for more information.